Improving Your Writing Through Research

By Vincent O'Neil

JH: Today we have Vincent O'Neil, a mystery writer who sets his books in my native Florida. He's here to share with us how he improved his writing by researching his new book (and series), Death Troupe.

Vincent won the St. Martin's Press Malice Domestic writing competition in 2005. St. Martin's Press published the winning entry, MURDER IN EXILE, in 2006; the sequel, REDUCED CIRCUMSTANCES, in 2007; and the third book in the Frank Cole/Exile series, EXILE TRUST, in June of 2008. The fourth book in the series, CONTEST OF WILLS, was released in September 2010.

His latest book, DEATH TROUPE, begins a theater-themed series featuring the playwright Jack GlynnHis novels include The Frank Cole Mysteries, Contest of Wills, Reduced Circumstances, Exile of Trust, and the award-winning Murder in Exile. 

Take it away Vincent...


Death Troupe: How researching the theater for my latest mystery novel took my writing up a notch
Two years ago I caught the theater bug. Not the acting bug or the directing bug, but the desire to write a murder mystery using the stage as a vehicle. I’d already published several books in the Frank Cole series (which continues to this day) but I wanted to see if I could build a theater-themed mystery around a playwright main character.

Here’s a brief introduction to the story, which is probably more than I knew when I first began this project:

The Jerome Barron Players have a problem. Known as Death Troupe, once a year they perform a high-end murder mystery play written for that season's host town. Unfortunately, their playwright has just killed himself.

 Enter Jack Glynn, Death Troupe's original playwright before his now-deceased writing partner stole his lead-actress girlfriend. Traveling to the snow-covered town of Schuyler Mills, Jack soon learns that his former friend's suicide may have been caused by a shadowy Death Troupe stalker . . . and that he might have just been cast as the phantom's new target.

That all sounds like a nice, multi-layered murder mystery novel, but there was one problem: I knew next to nothing about theater.

So of course I started with the most basic research. I got The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Amateur Theatricals and found it to be an extraordinary help. I slowly progressed through similar books, finally graduating months later to the memoirs of noted Broadway directors. I claim no special understanding of theater, but I do know this: Studying this topic took my writing to a whole new level—and it was fun, too.

That shouldn’t be surprising, as there are many similarities and crossovers between the theater and novels. Writers try to understand their characters’ motivations in much the same way that actors do, and novelists try to build their storylines in much the same way that directors do.

I could write several blogs on the many things I learned, but here are some of the bigger lessons:

1. Costuming is more than description: 
What people wear says a lot about them. It can tell you what they do for a living, where they’re planning to go that evening, and even if they pay attention to the way they present themselves in public.

No surprises there, right? While researching the stage, I read about the different ways that costuming and color can set one player off from the rest. This suggested a technique for helping my readers tell Death Troupe’s many characters apart: One resident of Schuyler Mills always wears bib overalls, and so his nickname is Bib. This technique isn’t unusual in mystery novels; many noir detectives have identified their opponents’ minions by such names as ‘Spats’, ‘Bowtie’, ‘Pea-coat’, or some other item of clothing. This can be particularly helpful when the character is a minor one, or someone who appears so seldom that the readers might not recognize his or her name later in the book.

Wardrobe can just as easily conceal as distinguish, and many costume designers have artfully hidden key players on stage by dressing them like the actors around them. I took this technique to heart while writing Death Troupe, and it paid off nicely. Although Death Troupe ends in a breathtaking Adirondack spring, much of it takes place in the dead of winter. By considering what people might be wearing in those conditions, I realized that the phantom stalking Jack Glynn could move about quite freely—and anonymously—if bundled up against the elements.

Of course there were other revelations involving costumes, but the point is this: The story itself can be helped by an exploration of wardrobe that goes just a little beyond the simple description of what people are wearing.

2. Dialogue seldom takes place without action: 
On the stage, performers have a limited amount of time and a restricted space in which to communicate their character’s personality and intentions to the audience. Obviously their words play a big part in that communication, but stage actors also use body language to reinforce (or contradict) their words. For example, someone telling a lie might look away from the individual to whom they were speaking, and even toy with some nearby article in an attempt to conceal their discomfort.

Additionally, players can use action to emphasize certain lines or even phrases. The same person telling the lie in the previous example could stop talking in mid-sentence, creating a momentary pause before delivering the important second half of that line: “No, no, I don’t find your cousin attractive at all—” (picks up a paperweight and pretends to look at it) “—besides, you were the one staring at me all night!”

This can certainly be overdone in a novel, but it doesn’t hurt to play around with the mannerisms and actions of your characters even as they speak. Where they direct their eyes, what they do with their hands, and even if they suddenly get up and walk around can convey strong emotions and reinforce (or call into question) what they’re saying.

3. The three-act structure of a play can fit a mystery novel too: 
Every story (and, ideally, just about every chapter, segment, scene, or paragraph) has a beginning, a middle, and an end. Again, no surprise there.

However, the way that playwrights and directors end those separate acts on stage is a good deal different from they way writers end them in books. After all, in the theater each act usually ends with a descending curtain and perhaps even an intermission. The curtain’s fall could be preceded by just about anything, from a shocking revelation to the introduction of a much-discussed character, but the point here is that the show actually stops just after that, while in a book we merely turn a page.

That’s why, in writing Death Troupe, I ended each of the three parts (I didn’t have the temerity to call them acts) with the words, “End of Part X”. I took those lines out later, but during the writing they helped me remember that I’d just arrived at a descending curtain and should take special care in reviewing how I concluded that act. As a result, Part One of Death Troupe ends on a high note even though I had intended to add one more segment after that. This required me to rewrite the beginning of Part Two, but the big moment that ends Part One is much more fitting to a curtain drop than what I originally planned.

I’d like to finish this with one Broadway director’s suggestion about endings. That director believed the final curtain should drop as soon after the show’s climax as possible, and I think that advice can apply to novels as well. While it’s often necessary to spend some time tying up loose ends, there’s also a danger of using too many pages to do it. The climax is a high note, probably the highest note of the entire story, and there’s only one direction the story can go after hitting it. So consider dropping the curtain as soon after that as possible.

Here’s another piece of theater advice: Always leave them wanting more. And with that, I’ll drop the curtain on this particular show.