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Guest Author
Claudia Gray
On Outlining
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Kody Keplinger
On Dialog
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Cynthia L. Smith
On Process
Guest Author
K.A. Stewart
On Character
Guest Author
Jana DeLeon
On Pantsing
Guest Author
Holly Cupala
On Writing Secrets
Guest Author
Nancy Holzner
On Dialog
Guest Author
Gini Koch
On Process
Guest Author
Vincent H O'Neil
On Research
Online
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Janice Hardy
The Shifter
by Janice Hardy
Blue Fire
by Janice Hardy
8 Against Reality
inc. Janice Hardy
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Wednesday, July 7, 2010

Guest Blogger K.A. Stewart on the Birth of a Character

Today, we get to learn some people skills from K.A. Stewart, author of A Devil in the Details.

Take it away, K.A...

Birth of a Character
Stories are great. I think we can all agree on that. They transport you, they mesmerize you. But when you truly look at all the plot lines, broken down into their basic components, there are very few that haven’t been done before. So, if all the stories in the world are just repeats, why do we keep reading?

The characters. We read because we fall in love with these strangers that only live in some author’s head. We cry for them, we cheer for them, we ache for them. Sometimes, we just want to shake them until their teeth rattle. But they are the reason we keep picking up new books.

That about your character's past
So, how do you create a character like that? Where do you start to invent an entire person that people will feel compelled to live with for at least 300 pages?

Of course, you have this GREAT idea for a character! He’s cool, and suave, and hot and smart and he knows kung-fu, and bakes like Betty Crocker, and… And by the time you get done, you have a Mr. Potato-Head doll with a Barbie arm sticking out of one ear, a GI Joe leg, two My Little Pony heads and a tinfoil hat. See, the pieces are great, but it just doesn’t mesh well!

So back up, take a breath, start over. Like any great construction, you have to take it step by step. You start with one idea. Maybe it’s a physical trait. (A half-vampire. A faerie. A plain old vanilla human.) Maybe it’s a personality trait. (a codger, a hermit, a bubbly and effusive teen) Whatever it is, you need that basis, something solid to build on.

For me, my founding idea for Jesse was something my husband suggested. He wanted to see a hero who followed the bushido, the Japanese code of conduct followed by the samurai in ancient days. This gave me a great foundation to work with! I mean, here I had a character with a built-in moral compass, and a set of rules to live his life by. Not only that, but I had books and books and BOOKS of stuff to wrap him around. My work was almost done already! Well, okay, not really, but you get the idea.

So, here was my foundation. What could I build on it? Well, bushido demands honor, and has a certain code to live by. So now I knew that my hero was an honorable man, disciplined, with very strict ideas of right and wrong. This tells me why he does what he does.

Then I got to thinking, but what kind of man is he? All of the above is great to explain his motivations, but what about his style? I knew why he did it. I then had to decide how he did it. I pictured a man with quick wit, but from a normal, everyday background. Midwestern, since I knew I wanted to set the book in the Midwest. Educated, yes, because you have to study bushido, but a simple man, really, without pretensions. One who loved his family, his friends.

This told me that I wanted his language to be “normal”. No huge words, no stilted speech. Just your average Joe. A guy’s guy. That dude. He could be your neighbor, your buddy, that guy down the block. He’s anybody, and that’s why he’s fun. He could be you!

So, now I had his style. I had his motivations. Next, I had to decide the technical aspects. Was he a fighter? What weapons would he use, what was feasible for the world and the time period? Anything I gave him, I had to have an explanation for. Most Midwesterners don’t run around waving katanas. (though the world might be more interesting if they did) His extensive self-education into Eastern philosophies translated easily into martial arts weaponry and training.

Expanding on that point, did he have magical powers? If not, how would he protect himself? What could I realistically expect him to survive? These are what I call the “dice-rolling” points. (can you tell I was a D&D gamer, back in the day?) These are your stats, and they will govern what kind of story you’re able to tell.

For example: If your Big Bad is going to detonate a nuclear bomb in the middle of a highly populated city, and you reasonably expect your hero to save the world, he should either have a background in bomb-disarming, or a super power that allows him to absorb nuclear radiation, or a cadre of amazing sidekicks, or something. Otherwise, you have hero-soup, a glow-in-the-dark city, and the Big Bad walks away with all the Twinkies.
Next, you want your character (if it’s the protagonist) to be likable. Mostly. Usually. If a reader doesn’t find something in your character to like, to relate to, they’re not going to finish the book.

So take Jesse. He’s a good man at his core, loyal, stable. But he’s not all of one thing, none of another. He loses his temper. He can be petty. He can be snarky. He may feel bad about it later, but he can be cruel and heartless. I don’t know a single person in this world who is all good, all the time. Willing to bet you don’t either, and if you see one of those perfect characters, don’t you just step back and tilt your head kinda funny and say “Hmm…something’s not right here.”? Perfect people are boring, and frankly, I don’t believe they exist.

Springing from that, part of creating a character isn’t just about making them likable. It’s about making them believable. In fact, believable can trump likable in many cases. Let’s say you have a SOOPER evil antagonist. You’ve gone to great lengths to make sure the reader knows that he’s evil to the core, right down to the hand wringing and diabolical laugh. And then suddenly, he’s walking down the street, and he saves a kitten from a tree.

Now, if he’s saving the kitten from the tree to feed it to his pet piranhas at home, I could believe that. If he suddenly develops a soft spot for felines, out of the blue…that might bring me up short, thinking “What the…?” However, if at some point in the book, you’ve already established that he’s prone to fits of melancholy, or sentiment. Maybe he had a kitten as a child, and it was the only thing that loved him. Then, the kitten-saving episode becomes character depth. He’s still evil, don’t forget that, but he’s now also understandable.

And building yet again on that (see a pattern here?), the key to making a character believable is to make them mutable. Everybody changes. I know that I am a very different person now, than when I was…say…17. Shoot, I’m a different person now than I was last week. Experiences change us. We learn from both the good and the bad. It makes us wary. It makes us open to love. It crushes our dreams and leaves us without hope. It reminds us about the good in human nature.

If your character can’t learn and change, whether for good or bad, readers are going to start lining up to whack him with a clue-bat. Worse yet, they’ll just stop reading.
At this point, you should have a cute little house. Something better than a shack, less than a mansion. It’s a start. It’s a fixer-upper. And where you go with it from there is entirely up to where the story takes you.

Every lost soul needs a champion.

Jesse James Dawson was an ordinary guy (well, an ordinary guy with a black belt in karate), until the day he learned his brother had made a bargain with a demon. Jesse discovered there was only one way to save his brother: put up his own soul as collateral, and fight the demon to the death.

Jesse lived to free his brother--and became part of a loose organization of Champions who put their own souls on the line to help those who get in over their heads with demons. But now experienced Champions are losing battles at a much higher rate than usual. Someone has changed the game. And if Jesse can't figure out the new rules, his next battle may be his last...

Tuesday, July 6, 2010

Look! It's An Idea: Going From Premise to Plot

I didn't know it at the time, but the first real novel I ever wrote was a premise novel. I had a cool idea, and the entire book was about illustrating that cool idea. Because of that, I had no solid protag, no narrative drive, no personal stakes, and no chance at selling that book.

Because premise novels are not stories.

I don't think my experience is uncommon. I read a lot of queries that describe an idea, but there's no sense of a protag doing anything to solve a personal problem. (Heck, I've written a lot of those kinds of queries). Often, these novels are a lost cause because they're too inherently flawed to fix. But sometimes, it's just a matter of finding the story within your premise.

Monday, July 5, 2010

Hmmm...

Okies, somehow Blogger messed up and posted Wednesday's blog today, even though it clearly says "Wednesday, July 7, 2010." Folks have already commented on it, so I won't take it down. I guess I'll put the next contest up on Wednesday instead.

No clue how this happened. I got some weird errors while trying to schedule it, but it didn't tell me it had actually posted.

I've also bumped my poor guest blogger up so she's at the top now. I don't think readers even knew she was there, and it's a great post!

Ah, technology...

And the Winner is...

The winner of the Eight Against Reality anthology contest is...

Kelly!

Congrats, and just send me your address at blogquestions (at) yahoo (dot) com.

And a quick reminder that later this week I'll have the Blue Fire ARC contest up. I originally planned to do that on the first, but the 8AR released early. Same basic rules will apply.

Thanks to all who entered, and grats again to Kelly!

Saturday, July 3, 2010

Contest Update

Just a reminder that there's a few days left to enter the Eight Against Reality anthology contest. Monday I'll be drawing names and announcing the winner.

Just go here for details and the original post to enter.

Have a great weekend all, and a happy fourth of July for my fellow Americans!

Friday, July 2, 2010

Real Life Diagnostics: The Inciting Event

Today we have another volunteer asking about something that I think a lot of folks struggle with. The inciting event. That sometimes difficult to identify moment that launches your story.

Where an inciting event occurs varies. In murder mysteries, you'll often see a body on page one. In fantasy, you'll often see it a chapter or two in. Generally speaking, the inciting event occurs within the first 35-50 pages (upper range opinions on this vary).

What launches a story can also change per genre. A mystery or thriller protag may be spurred into action by something that happens they need to deal with versus them making a choice to act. In romance, it might be a chance meeting between two people. But in all cases, something happens that forces the protag to act in a way that puts them at risk to solve a problem that matters to them.

In The Shifter, the inciting event is in chapter one, when Nya makes the decision to use her shifting ability to escape her bungled egg theft. That choice is what puts her on the path to the rest of the novel. Had she not done that, the novel would not have happened as it did. That single choice changed everything. This is what an inciting event does.

On to our volunteer:

My question is regarding the inciting incident. Here is an excerpt from the end of chapter one of my current YA fantasy WIP. I’m not sure if this would be considered foreshadowing, or if it’s enough to qualify as the inciting incident. Here is my book summary to give the except context.

When Jazzlyn becomes the apprentice liaison between her dark homeland, Creperi, and Lumen, the city of light, she discovers more than just the identity of her father. Learning the truth about why Creperi has been without light for centuries has put her life in danger, and may even lead to the destruction of Creperi itself.

Okies, first, I'm going to stress that seeing just a sample of work and talking about inciting events is hard to do since I don't have the full chapter to provide context. I'm going to attempt it anyway, because the sample is good for this and talking about it is valuable anyway. So take my comments with that in mind and look at your entire opening to decide how to apply anything I say.

Original Text:

"I see much darkness in your future my friend, more than just the black night of Creperi. I see there is darkness in your mind. Do you know what darkness is, Jazzlyn?"

I just stared at him, confused by the question. "Much darkness in my future . . . in my mind? Maybe that caterpillar had a side effect of the hallucinogenic variety!".

"The ‘Ritus Inlustravi’, as you say, is important to me Zac. It’s important to my family, and to the people of Creperi. Are you making fun of me because I’m taking it so seriously?"

"Dark: devoid of, or deficient in, light or brightness. You know that definition I am sure, having lived in the dark your whole life. I speak of a different type of darkness. Your mind, Jazzlyn, has been kept in the dark."

What does that even mean? "My mother has told me everything she knows about Lumen. I am not in the dark!" I can’t believe he’s acting like this! Yes, physically, I’m in the dark, just like everyone else in Creperi. What could he possibly know about my mind?

"Listen to me," Zac commanded.

"Unrelenting light-less sky, what is truth, when truth is a lie?
Resplendent girl, your light shines bright, a glowing beacon in the persisting night.
There is one who seeks to extinguish your spark, resolute to preserve the unyielding dark."

Even more surprising than his spontaneous poetry, was what he said to me next.

"Well thank you, my dear, for a lovely afternoon. I think it is time for a quick bit of sleep before the evening begins, don’t you agree?"

"Ah, no; I think it’s time for you to explain what in the name of the star you’re talking about."

My comments in purple:

"I see much darkness in your future my friend, more than just the black night of Creperi. I see there is darkness in your mind. Do you know what darkness is, Jazzlyn?" A darkness is her mind feels like foreshadowing here, because it suggests there's something hidden she doesn't know about. Shedding "light" on the truth is something I suspect is going to be a theme in the novel based on the snippets the author has shared. It works both plotwise and thematically. It's good stuff to get the reader in the right mindset. This says to me that the book is going to be all about uncovering secrets and shedding light on what was once hidden, both on a personal and overall level.

I just stared at him, confused by the question. "Much darkness in my future . . . in my mind? Maybe that caterpillar had a side effect of the hallucinogenic variety!".

"The Ritus Inlustravi, as you say, is important to me Zac. It’s important to my family, and to the people of Creperi. Are you making fun of me because I’m taking it so seriously?" She's stating a belief in something here, which suggests this is something she's willing to act on. I don't know what a Ritus Inlustravi is, but it looks like this is something driving her to act in some way. It already has gotten her to act by coming here to talk to Zac about it. She's there now to learn more about it, which suggests a goal with a personal need behind it. If it's important, there may even be stakes associated with it.

"Dark: devoid of, or deficient in, light or brightness. You know that definition I am sure, having lived in the dark your whole life. I speak of a different type of darkness. Your mind, Jazzlyn, has been kept in the dark." I like the double meaning of "lived in the dark your whole life" here. I suspect he means more than the literal life of a city with no light. This suggests there's more going on than Jazzlyn realizes, reinforcing the theme already established.

What does that even mean? "My mother has told me everything she knows about Lumen. I am not in the dark!" I can’t believe he’s acting like this! Yes, physically, I’m in the dark, just like everyone else in Creperi. What could he possibly know about my mind?

"Listen to me," Zac commanded.

"Unrelenting light-less sky, what is truth, when truth is a lie?
Resplendent girl, your light shines bright, a glowing beacon in the persisting night.
There is one who seeks to extinguish your spark, resolute to preserve the unyielding dark." Prophecies are such a staple in the fantasy genre, it's easy to assume she's the one mentioned here and this is something she's destined to do. This could even be the traditional "throwing down the gauntlet" challenge for her to accept her destiny and fulfill this prophecy.

Even more surprising than his spontaneous poetry, was what he said to me next.

"Well thank you, my dear, for a lovely afternoon. I think it is time for a quick bit of sleep before the evening begins, don’t you agree?"

"Ah, no; I think it’s time for you to explain what in the name of the star you’re talking about."

Overall, this snippet feels more foreshadowing than inciting event, because Jazzlyn hasn't decided to do anything yet. She's just gathering information. It suggests that she has to act, and that she might be destined to act, and that there's stuff going on that needs her to act, but she's not yet on the path. Odds are the real inciting event is shortly after this when Jazzlyn makes that choice to act.

If this is the case, this meeting is a solid lead in to that. She's about to discover something that shakes her out of her regular existence and starts her on the journey to the core conflict of the novel. That will be the moment where she says "I need to do something" to solve a problem that matters to her. That will be the inciting event. Or...

The inciting event could have occurred just before this, and this is the first step she's taken to solve that core conflict problem. If she did something and made a risky choice to come here, then that could have been the moment that changed her life. Had she not decided to learn more about the
Ritus Inlustravi, she might never had embarked on the novel's story.

That's the key thing in an inciting event. The choice that changes everything. The protag gets involved in something that makes them decide to take a risk and do whatever leads them toward the core conflict of the novel. They may not realize that choice will alter their lives (like Nya) or they may know they're about to get eyeball deep in trouble. They may not even think the risk is that risky, but the choice is a pivotal moment that changes their lives. Had they decided to do something differently, the entire plot and story would change, if not fall apart completely.

In this sample I can't tell that, but I suspect it's either just before or just after this snippet takes place. There's a lot of great foreshadowing and thematic description here that relates to what looks like the overall story goal. This looks like the important stuff that will drive Jazzlyn to act, but this just doesn't show the moment where she decide to act.

Thanks to our brave volunteer for submitting this. I hope I answered her question and shed a little light on inciting events.

Thursday, July 1, 2010

Feedback Frenzy: Understanding Your Critiques

A reader asked...

I submitted my story to a few online critique groups in hopes of getting it polished up for submission. I've been a bit paranoid about submitting since I found all these publishing and agent blogs and of course all of the advice from actual published authors. But after getting my critiques back, no one could agree, on anything. What was wrong, what was right, what worked or didn't work, even grammar suggestions. I didn't get the same thing twice. Everyone had completely different ideas. I'm just curious, that if I'm getting such a wide range of comments, could it mean that this story is lost cause? Or do I need to seek out some other readers? How do you sort through all the varied opinions? How do you get the most out of your critiques?

This is a great question and a situation I bet everyone who's ever gotten crits back has encountered at least once. I submitted the first three chapters of my now-trunked first novel to Critters.org, and I had folks asking why it wasn't published yet, folks saying it was a mess and to start over, folks saying they loved my main character and others telling me he was terrible and to cut him and go with my secondary character for the narrator, and everything in between. And really, that's a pretty accurate sampling from real readers even if you sell the book. My reviews for The Shifter have a similar feel. One reviewer praised something another hated and panned me for.

Regular readers know I'm pro crit group, but inconsistent feedback is one of the downsides to an unknown crit group. You don't know who is looking at the work, so you don't know if they have any clue what they're talking about or not. You'll also have folks who are obsessive about "rules" that really don't matter all that much. And those who think it's the minutia that make or break you, not the story itself. Regardless of the type of critiquer (good or bad), chances are they're all readers, so they're still telling you their opinion on the story. Opinions are always valid. But everyone has their tastes, and even a well written story can fail to someone who just doesn't like that type of story.

The trick is figuring out what to heed and what to throw away.

Like any critique, take what feels right to you and ignore what doesn't. It doesn't matter who says it, if you think it will make the story better overall, it's a good comment.

Typically, you'll get an "out there"comment from almost everyone about something, since we all have our pet peeves and quirks. Any real problems will show up consistently. But sometimes, critiquers can't always articulate what's wrong, and they may say one thing when the problem is really somewhere else. Like a scene might not work for them and they'll give you reasons, but the real problem was three scenes earlier because the setup wasn't done right to make that later scene work as intended. And then of course there's the rare critiquer who feels that they need to point out something wrong, because it's their job to do that. So you'll get things mentioned that aren't real problems (or things that critiquer just doesn't like), but were the weakest parts of the story so that's what's talked about.

I have some folks in my own crit group who are wonderful writers, but sometimes submit a story that's just not my cup of tea. I've been critiquing (and writing) long enough now that I recognize these types of stories, and I can say, "There's nothing inherently wrong with this story, but it isn't grabbing me. This is the fault of the reader, not the writer." And then I'll go on to give the best feedback I can. Many of these stories end up selling to folks that do like this kind of story. Not every story will grab every reader and that's okay. But if I didn't recognize this about myself (and in the past I didn't) I could have given a terrible crit that changed the story from what the author was trying to write to suit my tastes (and I've done this, sadly). Sometimes, the wrong reader is reading your story, but they just don't know they're the wrong reader.

If the feedback is all over the place that most likely means the story is working fine and isn't a lost cause. Major problems would have come up in almost every critique. If three or more people said something, odds are there's a problem there somewhere.

So, some critique "rules" that I follow:

1. Take every comment seriously, even if it seems out of left field or flat out wrong. Ask yourself why the critiquer said what they said and try to see the underlying problem. Then decide if it's a comment that needs to be addressed or not. Left field comments are often picking up on subtle things that not even the critiquer knows why it bugs them and they come up with weird reasons for it. Totally wrong comments can be missing the point, but are still valid since that's what the reader felt. It's your job to figure out what made them feel that way and then decide if it needs fixing.

2. If you agree with a comment, make the change.

3. If you don't agree with a comment, don't make the change.

4. If you're not sure about a comment, think about what the critiquer is trying to point out and why. Also think about why you're resistant to the change. Sometime a change may require edits that scare us, or a change to something we love, or even require a skill we're not sure we have. Or it might suggest something we hadn't thought about before, so we knee-jerk say "no," but there's something in there that resonates with us so we hesitate. It's like our subconscious knows there's a gem in that comment.

5. If it's a grammar or punctuation rule and you're not sure if the comment is right, look it up. Otherwise, if the change makes the sentence read better make it. If not, don't.

6. If it's a clarity issue, fix it, even if you think it's clear. (This is my personal Golden Rule of crits)

7. Do whatever serves the story best. Great ideas or suggestions don't always work for the story you're trying to tell, and making those changes the story and can cause larger overall problems. Even great ideas can be the wrong ideas if they don't fit.

With any critique, trust your instincts. Focus on the story and keep asking what will make it better. As long as you do that, you pretty much can't go wrong. You might take a few side trips getting there, but you'll work it out eventually.